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Eastern Steel Manufacturing Co.,Ltd is a leading manufacturer and distributor of seamless steel pipe, welded steel pipe, OCTG products and fittings. We supply first-step processing, semi-finished parts and finished parts to help our clients meet fabrication requirements beyond their capacity or to improve operations by moving forward the pre-production processing.
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Eastern Steel Manufacturing Co.,Ltd not only improve product production and sales services, but also provide additional value-added services. As long as you need, we can complete your specific needs together.
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Carbon steel pipes (CS pipe full form) are widely used in construction, machinery, oil and gas, boiler, and automotive industries due to their excellent strength, toughness, and processing performance. Understanding the mechanical properties of carbon steel pipes is not only helpful for material selection but also relates to the safety and service life of engineering projects.
Definition: The maximum stress that a carbon steel pipe can withstand before breaking under tension or strain.
Typical Values: Varies depending on the carbon steel grade. For example:
|
Steel Type |
Typical Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Description |
|
Mild Steel (e.g., Q235, A36) |
400–550 |
Good ductility, easy to process |
|
Medium Carbon Steel (e.g., 45#, 1045) |
600–750 |
High strength, balanced mechanical properties |
|
High Carbon Steel (e.g., 1080, 1095) |
800–1200 |
High hardness, can be quenched |
The stress at which a carbon steel pipe begins to undergo plastic deformation. Before this, the material undergoes elastic deformation and returns to its original shape after stress removal.
Typical Values:
Mild steel: 250-350 MPa
Medium carbon steel: 350–600 MPa
High carbon steel: Up to 850 MPa
The degree to which a carbon steel pipe can be stretched before fracture, expressed as a percentage of its original length.
Typical Values: The elongation of many grades of carbon steel is 15-25% (the higher the carbon content, the lower the elongation), depending on the carbon content and processing method.
The ability of a carbon steel pipe to resist deformation (especially permanent deformation, indentation, or scratches).
Typical Values: Varies with carbon content. Measured using scales such as Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRB or HRC), and Vickers hardness (HV).
Mild steel (e.g., A36): Hardness approximately 120-180 HB
Medium-carbon steel (45#): Hardness approximately 170–250 HB
High-carbon steel: Hardness can reach 700 HB in the quenched state
The ability of a carbon steel pipe to absorb energy and undergo plastic deformation without fracturing. It is typically measured using the Charpy V-notch impact test.
Typical Value: Low-carbon steel has high impact toughness, which decreases with increasing carbon content. Toughness also depends on temperature; carbon steel tends to be more brittle at low temperatures.
The maximum stress a carbon steel pipe can withstand at a given number of cycles without fracturing.
Typical Value: Typically lower than tensile strength, depending on the surface finish of the material, temperature, and environment.
The ability of a carbon steel pipe to undergo significant plastic deformation before fracture.
Typical Value: Carbon steel pipes generally have good ductility, especially low-carbon steel, making them easy to form.
A measure of the stiffness of carbon steel pipes. It is the ratio of stress to strain within the elastic deformation region.
Typical Value: Approximately 200 GPa (29,000 ksi) for carbon steel.
Thermal Properties of Carbon Steel Pipes: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: Typically approximately 11.7 × 10⁻⁶ /°C for carbon steel.
Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Steel Pipes: Approximately 30-60 W/m·K.
Carbon steel is susceptible to corrosion, especially in humid and corrosive environments. Protective coatings or treatments are usually required to improve its corrosion resistance.
Common Methods to Improve Corrosion Resistance: Hot-dip galvanizing (HDG) Cold galvanizing Epoxy/polyurethane coating Use of weathering steel (e.g., Q355NH)
Higher carbon content in carbon steel results in higher hardness and strength, but correspondingly lower toughness.
Low-carbon steel is suitable for welding, while high-carbon steel is not suitable for complex machining.
Carbon steel with added alloying elements has better mechanical properties, such as higher heat resistance and compressive strength.
|
Alloy Element |
Function |
|
Mn |
Increases hardness and strength |
|
Si |
Enhances elasticity and tensile strength |
|
Cr |
Increases wear resistance and corrosion resistance |
|
Mo |
Improves high-temperature resistance |
|
V |
Enhances hardenability and strength |
Different heat treatment processes affect the crystal structure and properties of carbon steel. For example, quenching, tempering, and normalizing determine the hardness and toughness of carbon steel.
Annealing: Reduces hardness, increases plasticity, and improves machinability.
Normalizing: Moderate strength and uniform microstructure.
Quenching: Significantly increases strength but increases brittleness.
Tempering: Reduces brittleness and increases toughness.
The mechanical properties of carbon steel are also closely related to its machining methods. Forging, rolling, and stretching processes all have a certain impact on the properties of carbon steel.
Cold-drawn pipes: High strength, high precision.
Hot-rolled pipes: Good toughness, suitable for high temperatures.
Welded pipes: Low cost, strength slightly lower than seamless pipes.
Seamless carbon steel pipes have no weld seams, therefore they have higher strength and reliability, making them ideal for high-pressure applications.
In contrast, welded carbon steel pipes have welded joints, have slightly lower strength, but are generally more economical and more suitable for less demanding environments.
Yes, but the following conditions must be met:
Appropriate grades need to be selected (e.g., A106, A335, P series for high temperatures)
Galvanizing or anti-corrosion coatings should be used if necessary
Weathering steel or alloy steel can be used instead in highly corrosive environments.
These mechanical properties make carbon steel pipes suitable for a variety of applications, including structural support, fluid transport, and mechanical components. Specific properties will vary depending on the specific grade of carbon steel used and the processing method (e.g., heat treatment, cold working).
Read more: MS Pipe VS CS Pipe: Mechanical Properties
E-mail: sales@eastern-steels.com
