La tubería de perforación es uno de los componentes más críticos de la sarta de perforación rotatoria en la ingeniería de perforación de petróleo, gas y geotermia. La tubería de perforación API 5DP está definida y estandarizada por el Instituto Americano del Petróleo (API) en la norma API 5DP. La tubería de perforación API 5DP garantiza la seguridad y la confiabilidad en entornos de perforación con alta carga y alta fatiga mediante especificaciones rigurosas en cuanto a dimensiones, calidades de acero, propiedades mecánicas y tipos de juntas. Esta norma es aplicable a las exigentes condiciones de perforación terrestre, perforación marina, pozos profundos, pozos ultraprofundos, pozos direccionales y pozos horizontales, y es el estándar de adquisición comúnmente especificado por compañías petroleras globales y proyectos EPC.
|
Grado |
(C) (%) |
(Mn) (%) |
(P) (%) |
(S) (%) |
(Si) (%) |
(Cr) (%) |
(Ni) (%) |
(Mo) (%) |
(Cu) (%) |
|
E75 |
≤ 0.35 |
0.60-1.10 |
≤ 0.020 |
≤ 0.010 |
≤ 0.35 |
≤ 0.15 |
≤ 0.25 |
≤ 0.20 |
≤ 0.20 |
|
X95 |
≤ 0.35 |
0.60-1.10 |
≤ 0.020 |
≤ 0.010 |
≤ 0.35 |
0.75-1.15 |
0.40-0.75 |
0.15-0.25 |
≤ 0.20 |
|
G105 |
≤ 0.35 |
0.60-1.10 |
≤ 0.020 |
≤ 0.010 |
≤ 0.35 |
0.75-1.15 |
0.40-0.75 |
0.15-0.25 |
≤ 0.20 |
|
S135 |
≤ 0.35 |
0.60-1.10 |
≤ 0.020 |
≤ 0.010 |
≤ 0.35 |
0.75-1.15 |
0.40-0.75 |
0.15-0.25 |
≤ 0.20 |
|
Calidad |
Límite elástico (psi) |
Resistencia a la tracción |
Elongación |
Prueba de impacto |
Dureza |
|
E75 |
75,000 |
100,000 |
20 |
40 |
≤ 30 |
|
X95 |
95,000 |
105,000 |
15 |
40 |
≤ 32 |
|
G105 |
105,000 |
115,000 |
13 |
40 |
≤ 35 |
|
S135 |
135,000 |
145,000 |
10 |
40 |
≤ 38 |
|
Estándar |
Tubería de perforación API 5DP |
|
Grado de acero |
E75, X95, G105, S135 |
|
Proceso de extremos |
IU, EU, IEU |
|
Tamaño de la tubería de perforación |
2 3/8″, 2 7/8″, 3 1/2″, 4″, 4 1/2″, 5″, 5 1/2″, 6 5/8″ |
|
Longitud de la tubería de perforación |
Rango 1 (R1): de 5,49 a 6,71 metros (18 a 22 pies). |
|
Conexiones de los extremos |
IF, FH, REG, NC |
|
Embalaje |
Embalado en paquetes asegurados con flejes de acero o alambre, con protectores de rosca en ambos extremos para evitar daños durante el transporte y el almacenamiento. |
|
Forma de la sección |
Redonda, espiral, cuadrada |
|
MOQ |
1 pieza/tamaño |
|
Transporte |
Transporte terrestre por camión o tren, transporte marítimo por buque portacontenedores o granelero. |
|
Etiqueta 1 |
Etiqueta 2 |
Grado |
Tipo de recalcado |
Tipo RSC |
Diámetro exterior del cuerpo de la tubería (mm) |
Peso de la tubería (mm) |
Cuello de soldadura de la tubería de perforación (mm) |
Diámetro exterior de la unión de la herramienta (mm) |
Diámetro interior del pasador (mm) |
Longitud del pasador (mm) |
Longitud del diámetro exterior de la caja (mm) |
Diámetro del bisel RSC (mm) |
Masa aprox. (kg/m) |
|
4 |
14.00 |
E |
IU |
NC40 |
101.60 |
8.38 |
106.4 |
133.4 |
71.4 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
127.40 |
22.42 |
|
4 |
14.00 |
X |
IU |
NC40 |
101.60 |
8.38 |
106.4 |
133.4 |
68.3 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
127.40 |
22.76 |
|
4 |
14.00 |
G |
IU |
NC40 |
101.60 |
8.38 |
106.4 |
139.7 |
61.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
127.40 |
23.61 |
|
4 |
14.00 |
S |
IU |
NC40 |
101.60 |
8.38 |
106.4 |
139.7 |
50.8 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
127.40 |
24.03 |
|
4 1/2 |
13.75 |
E |
IU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
6.88 |
119.1 |
152.4 |
85.7 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
22.50 |
|
2 3/8 |
6.65 |
E |
EU |
NC26 |
60.32 |
7.11 |
65.1 |
85.7 |
44.5 |
177.80 |
203.20 |
82.95 |
10.45 |
|
2 3/8 |
6.65 |
X, G |
EU |
NC26 |
60.32 |
7.11 |
65.1 |
85.7 |
44.5 |
177.80 |
203.20 |
82.95 |
10.58 |
|
2 7/8 |
10.40 |
E |
EU |
NC31 |
73.02 |
9.19 |
81.0 |
104.8 |
54.0 |
177.80 |
228.60 |
100.41 |
16.25 |
|
2 7/8 |
10.40 |
X, G |
EU |
NC31 |
73.02 |
9.19 |
81.0 |
104.8 |
50.8 |
177.80 |
228.60 |
100.41 |
16.50 |
|
2 7/8 |
10.40 |
S |
EU |
NC31 |
73.02 |
9.19 |
81.0 |
111.1 |
41.3 |
177.80 |
228.60 |
100.41 |
17.19 |
|
3 1/2 |
9.50 |
E |
EU |
NC38 |
88.90 |
6.45 |
98.4 |
120.7 |
68.3 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
15.77 |
|
3 1/2 |
13.30 |
E |
EU |
NC38 |
88.90 |
9.35 |
98.4 |
120.7 |
68.3 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
20.77 |
|
3 1/2 |
13.30 |
X |
EU |
NC38 |
88.90 |
9.35 |
98.4 |
127.0 |
65.1 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
21.76 |
|
3 1/2 |
13.30 |
G |
EU |
NC38 |
88.90 |
9.35 |
98.4 |
127.0 |
61.9 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
21.90 |
|
3 1/2 |
13.30 |
S |
EU |
NC38 |
88.90 |
9.35 |
98.4 |
127.0 |
54.0 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
22.22 |
|
3 1/2 |
15.50 |
E |
EU |
NC40 |
88.90 |
11.40 |
98.4 |
127.0 |
65.1 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
24.67 |
|
3 1/2 |
15.50 |
X |
EU |
NC40 |
88.90 |
11.40 |
98.4 |
127.0 |
61.9 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
25.07 |
|
3 1/2 |
15.50 |
G |
EU |
NC40 |
88.90 |
11.40 |
98.4 |
127.0 |
54.0 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
116.28 |
25.38 |
|
3 1/2 |
15.50 |
S |
EU |
NC40 |
88.90 |
11.40 |
98.4 |
139.7 |
57.2 |
203.20 |
266.70 |
127.40 |
26.19 |
|
4 |
14.00 |
E |
EU |
NC46 |
101.60 |
8.38 |
114.3 |
152.4 |
82.6 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
23.67 |
|
4 |
14.00 |
X, G |
EU |
NC46 |
101.60 |
8.38 |
114.3 |
152.4 |
82.6 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
24.12 |
|
4 |
14.00 |
S |
EU |
NC46 |
101.60 |
8.38 |
114.3 |
152.4 |
76.2 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
24.46 |
|
4 1/2 |
13.75 |
E |
EU |
NC50 |
114.30 |
6.88 |
127.0 |
168.3 |
95.3 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
23.65 |
|
4 1/2 |
16.60 |
E |
EU |
NC50 |
114.30 |
8.56 |
127.0 |
168.3 |
95.3 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
27.51 |
|
4 1/2 |
16.60 |
X, G |
EU |
NC50 |
114.30 |
8.56 |
127.0 |
168.3 |
95.3 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
28.07 |
|
4 1/2 |
16.60 |
S |
EU |
NC50 |
114.30 |
8.56 |
127.0 |
168.3 |
88.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
28.47 |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
E |
EU |
NC50 |
114.30 |
10.92 |
127.0 |
168.3 |
92.1 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
32.93 |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
X, G |
EU |
NC50 |
114.30 |
10.92 |
127.0 |
168.3 |
88.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
33.63 |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
S |
EU |
NC50 |
114.30 |
10.92 |
127.0 |
168.3 |
76.2 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
34.34 |
|
4 1/2 |
16.60 |
E |
IEU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
8.56 |
119.1 |
158.8 |
82.6 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
27.36 |
|
4 1/2 |
16.60 |
X, G |
IEU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
8.56 |
119.1 |
158.8 |
76.2 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
27.73 |
|
4 1/2 |
16.60 |
S |
IEU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
8.56 |
119.1 |
158.8 |
69.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
28.04 |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
E |
IEU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
10.92 |
119.1 |
158.8 |
76.2 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
32.94 |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
X |
IEU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
10.92 |
119.1 |
158.8 |
69.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
33.69 |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
G |
IEU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
10.92 |
119.1 |
158.8 |
63.5 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
33.97 |
|
4 1/2 |
20.00 |
S |
IEU |
NC46 |
114.30 |
10.92 |
119.1 |
158.8 |
57.2 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
145.26 |
34.23 |
|
5 |
19.50 |
E |
IEU |
NC50 |
127.00 |
9.19 |
130.2 |
168.3 |
95.3 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
31.79 |
|
5 |
19.50 |
X |
IEU |
NC50 |
127.00 |
9.19 |
130.2 |
168.3 |
88.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
32.58 |
|
5 |
19.50 |
G |
IEU |
NC50 |
127.00 |
9.19 |
130.2 |
168.3 |
82.6 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
32.95 |
|
5 |
19.50 |
S |
IEU |
NC50 |
127.00 |
9.19 |
130.2 |
168.3 |
69.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
33.60 |
|
5 |
19.50 |
E |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
127.00 |
9.19 |
130.2 |
177.8 |
95.3 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
33.22 |
|
5 |
19.50 |
X, G |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
127.00 |
9.19 |
130.2 |
177.8 |
95.3 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
33.61 |
|
5 |
19.50 |
S |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
127.00 |
9.19 |
130.2 |
184.2 |
88.9 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
34.89 |
|
5 |
25.60 |
E |
IEU |
NC50 |
127.00 |
12.70 |
130.2 |
168.3 |
88.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
40.73 |
|
5 |
25.60 |
X |
IEU |
NC50 |
127.00 |
12.70 |
130.2 |
168.3 |
76.2 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
41.80 |
|
5 |
25.60 |
G |
IEU |
NC50 |
127.00 |
12.70 |
130.2 |
168.3 |
69.9 |
177.80 |
254.00 |
153.99 |
42.11 |
|
5 |
25.60 |
E |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
127.00 |
12.70 |
130.2 |
177.8 |
88.9 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
42.14 |
|
5 |
25.60 |
X |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
127.00 |
12.70 |
130.2 |
177.8 |
88.9 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
42.51 |
|
5 |
25.60 |
G |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
127.00 |
12.70 |
130.2 |
184.2 |
88.9 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
43.35 |
|
5 |
25.60 |
S |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
127.00 |
12.70 |
130.2 |
184.2 |
82.6 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
43.75 |
|
5-1/2 |
21.90 |
E |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
139.70 |
9.17 |
144.5 |
177.8 |
101.6 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
35.43 |
|
5-1/2 |
21.90 |
X |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
139.70 |
9.17 |
144.5 |
177.8 |
95.3 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
36.36 |
|
5-1/2 |
21.90 |
G |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
139.70 |
9.17 |
144.5 |
184.2 |
88.9 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
37.61 |
|
5-1/2 |
21.90 |
S |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
139.70 |
9.17 |
144.5 |
190.5 |
76.2 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
180.18 |
39.27 |
|
5-1/2 |
24.70 |
E |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
139.70 |
10.54 |
144.5 |
177.8 |
101.6 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
39.19 |
|
5-1/2 |
24.70 |
X, G |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
139.70 |
10.54 |
144.5 |
184.2 |
88.9 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
170.66 |
41.32 |
|
5-1/2 |
24.70 |
S |
IEU |
5 1/2 FH |
139.70 |
10.54 |
144.5 |
190.5 |
76.2 |
203.20 |
254.00 |
180.18 |
42.97 |
|
6-5/8 |
25.20 |
E |
IEU |
6 5/8 FH |
168.28 |
8.38 |
176.2 |
203.2 |
127.0 |
203.20 |
279.40 |
195.66 |
41.03 |
|
6-5/8 |
25.20 |
X |
IEU |
6 5/8 FH |
168.28 |
8.38 |
176.2 |
203.2 |
127.0 |
203.20 |
279.40 |
195.66 |
41.03 |
|
6-5/8 |
25.20 |
G |
IEU |
6 5/8 FH |
168.28 |
8.38 |
176.2 |
209.6 |
120.7 |
203.20 |
279.40 |
195.66 |
42.60 |
|
6-5/8 |
25.20 |
S |
IEU |
6 5/8 FH |
168.28 |
8.38 |
176.2 |
215.9 |
108.0 |
203.20 |
279.40 |
195.66 |
44.73 |
|
6-5/8 |
27.70 |
E |
IEU |
6 5/8 FH |
168.28 |
9.19 |
176.2 |
203.2 |
127.0 |
203.20 |
279.40 |
195.66 |
43.79 |
|
6-5/8 |
27.70 |
X, G |
IEU |
6 5/8 FH |
168.28 |
9.19 |
176.2 |
209.6 |
120.7 |
203.20 |
279.40 |
195.66 |
45.35 |
|
6-5/8 |
27.70 |
S |
IEU |
6 5/8 FH |
168.28 |
9.19 |
176.2 |
215.9 |
108.0 |
203.20 |
279.40 |
195.66 |
47.48 |
Longitudes: Principalmente R1/R2;
Ligera, fácil de instalar, adecuada para pozos cortos y exploración superficial.
Resistencia extremadamente alta a la fatiga, utilizada en pozos especiales de alta dificultad (aguas profundas, geotermia, petróleo y gas no convencionales).
No.
Según la norma API 5DP, el diámetro exterior, el espesor de pared y el tamaño de la junta se determinan según las especificaciones; el grado de acero solo afecta los requisitos de rendimiento mecánico. Se pueden producir tubos de perforación del mismo tamaño como E75, X95, G105 o S135.