Inspección de calidad de tubos de acero sin costura

Seamless carbon steel pipe quality inspection can be divided into the following aspects: chemical composition analysis; steel tube geometric size and shape inspection; surface quality inspection; seamless steel pipe management performance inspection;process performance inspection; Metallographic analysis of seamless steel tube and so on.

1. Chemical composition analysis: chemical analysis method, instrumental analysis method (infrared C—S instrument, direct reading spectrometer, zcP, etc.).

①Infrared C-S instrument: Analyze the C and S elements in ferroalloys, steel-making raw materials, and steel.

②Direct reading spectrometer: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, Al, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi in the bulk sample

③N-0 instrument: gas content analysis N, O

2. Steel tube geometry and shape inspection:

① Inspection of seamless tube wall thickness: micrometer, ultrasonic thickness gauge, no less than 8 points at both ends and record.

②Examination of the outer diameter and ovality of seamless tubes: calipers, vernier calipers, ring gauges.

③Length inspection of seamless tubes: steel tape measure, manual and automatic length measurement.

④ Inspection of seamless tube and steel tube curvature: straightedge, level (1m), feeler gauge, thin wire to measure the curvature per meter and the curvature of the full length.

⑤ Inspection of the bevel angle and blunt edge of the end face of the seamless tube: square, chuck.

3. Surface quality inspection of seamless steel tube:

①Artificial visual inspection: lighting conditions, standards, experience, signs, steel tube rotation.

②Non-destructive inspection:

a. Ultrasonic flaw detection UT:

It is more sensitive to the surface and internal crack defects of various materials with uniform materials.

b. Eddy current flaw detection ET: (electromagnetic induction)

Mainly sensitive to point (hole-shaped) defects.

c. Magnetic particle MT and magnetic flux leakage detection:

Magnetic flaw detection is suitable for the detection of surface and near surface defects of ferromagnetic materials.

d. Electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection:

No coupling medium is required, and it can be used for high-temperature, high-speed, rough surface flaw detection of seamless steel tubes.

e. Penetration inspection:

Fluorescence, coloring, and detection of surface defects of steel tubes.

4. Seamless steel management performance inspection:

① Tensile test: measure stress and deformation, determine the strength (YS, TS) and plasticity index (A, Z) of the material

Longitudinal and transverse samples tube section, arc, round sample (￠10, ￠12.5)

Small-diameter thin-walled steel tube, large-diameter thick-walled steel tube, calibration distance.

②Impact test: CVN, notched C type, V type, work J value J/cm2

Standard sample 10×10×55 (mm) Non-standard sample 5×10×55 (mm)

③Hardness test: Brinell hardness HB, Rockwell hardness HRC, Vickers hardness HV, etc.

④Hydraulic test: test pressure, voltage stabilization time, p=2Sδ/D

5. Process performance inspection process of seamless steel tube:

① Flattening test: round sample C-shaped sample (S/D>0.15) H=(1+2)S/(∝+S/D)

L=40～100mm Deformation coefficient per unit length=0.07～0.08

② Ring pull test: L=15mm, no cracks are qualified

③Flaring and crimping test: the top center taper is 30°, 40°, 60°

④Bending test: can replace flattening test (for large diameter tube)

6. Metallographic analysis of seamless steel tube:

① High power inspection (microscopic analysis): Non-metallic inclusions 100x GB/T 10561 Grain size: grade, difference

Organization: M, B, S, T, P, F, A-S

Decarburization layer: inside and outside.

A method rating: Class A-Sulfide Class B-Oxide Class C-Silicate D-Spherical Oxidation DS Class.

② Low magnification test (macro analysis): the naked eye, magnifying glass is less than 10x.

a. Acid etching inspection method.

b. Sulfur seal inspection method (tube embryo inspection, showing low-cultured tissue and defects, such as looseness, segregation, subcutaneous bubbles, peeling, white spots, inclusions, etc.

c. Tower-shaped hairline inspection method: inspect the number, length and distribution of hairline.